Prática de Shadowing: PHILOSOPHY - Schopenhauer - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
101 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
Arthur Schopenhauer was a German 19th century philosopher who deserves to be remembered today for the insights contained in his great work,
2
The World as Will and Representation.
3
Schopenhauer was the first serious
4
Western philosopher to get interested in Buddhism,
5
and his thought can best be read as a Western reinterpretation and response to the enlightened pessimism found in Buddhist thought.
6
In my 17th year, he wrote in an autobiographical text, I was gripped by the misery of life,
7
as the Buddha had been in his youth when he saw sickness, old age, pain and death everywhere.
8
The truth was that this world could not have been the work of an all -loving being,
9
but rather that of a devil who'd brought creatures into existence in order to delight in their sufferings.
10
And like the Buddha, it was Schopenhauer's goal to dissect and then come up with a solution to this suffering.
11
It's simply the fault of universities
12
that Schopenhauer has always been taught in such a dry academic way that it has stopped him from being widely known, read and followed.
13
And yet in truth, this is a man who, no less than the Buddha, deserves disciples, schools, artworks and monasteries to put his ideas into practice.
14
It's not too late.
15
Schopenhauer's philosophy starts by giving a name to a primary force within us which he says is more powerful than anything else,
16
our reason, logic or moral sense, and which Schopenhauer terms the will to life, in German the Wille zum Leben.
17
The will to life is a constant force which makes us thrust ourselves forward, cling to existence and look always to our own advantage.
18
It's blind, dumb and very insistent.
19
What the will to life makes us focus on most of all is sex.
20
From adolescence onwards, this will thrums within us, turns our heads constantly to erotic scenarios and makes us do very weird things,
21
the most weird of which is fall in love all the time.
22
Schopenhauer was very respectful of love, as one might be towards a hurricane or a tiger.
23
He deeply resented the disruption caused to intelligent people by infatuations or what we'd call crushes,
24
but he refused to conceive of these as either disproportionate or accidental.
25
In his eyes, love is connected to the most important underlying project of the will to life, and hence of all of our lives Having children.
26
Why all this noise and fuss about love, he asked.
27
Why all the urgency, uproar, anguish and exertion?
28
Because the ultimate aim of all love affairs is actually more important than all other aims in anyone's life
29
and therefore it's quite worthy of the profound seriousness with which everyone pursues it.
30
The romantic dominates life because, Schopenhauer wrote, what is decided by it is nothing less than the composition of the next generation,
31
the existence and special constitution of the human race in times to come.
32
Of course, we rarely think of future children when we're asking someone out on a date.
33
But in Schopenhauer's view, this is simply
34
because the intellect remains much excluded from the real resolutions and secret decisions of its own will.
35
Why should such deception be necessary?
36
Because for Schopenhauer, we would never reliably to reproduce unless we had first, quite literally, lost our minds.
37
This was a man deeply opposed to the boredom, routine, expense and sheer sacrifice of having children.
38
Furthermore, Schopenhauer argued that most of the time, if our intellect were properly in charge of choosing who we could fall in love with,
39
we would pick very different people to the ones we actually end up with.
40
But we're ultimately driven to fall in love, not with anyone we'll just get on with well,
41
but with people whom the will to life recognizes as ideal
42
partners for the project of producing what Schopenhauer bluntly called balanced children.
43
All of us are a little bit unbalanced ourselves, he thought.
44
We're a bit too masculine or too feminine, too tall or too short, too rational or too impulsive.
45
If such imbalances were allowed to persist or were aggravated in the next generation, the human race would within a short time sink into oddity.
46
The will to life must therefore push us towards people who can, on account of their compensating imbalances, cancel out our own issues.
47
A large nose combined with a button nose promise a perfect nose.
48
He argued that short people often fall in love with tall people and more feminine men with more assertive and masculine women.
49
Unfortunately, this theory of balancing attraction led Schopenhauer to a very bleak conclusion namely,
50
that a person who is highly suitable for producing a balanced child with is almost never,
51
though we can't realise it at the time because we've been blindfolded by the will to life, very suitable for us.
52
We should not be surprised, he wrote, by marriages between people who would never have been friends.
53
Love casts itself on people who, apart from sex, would be hateful, contemptible and even abhorrent to us.
54
The will to life's ability to further its own ends, rather than our happiness, may, Schopenhauer implied, be sensed with particular clarity in that rather scary,
55
lonely moment just after orgasm.
56
He wrote, Directly after copulation, the devil's laughter is heard.
57
Watching the human spectacle, Schopenhauer felt deeply sorry for us.
58
We're all just like animals, except because of our greater self -awareness, far more unhappy than animals.
59
There are some poignant passages where Schopenhauer discusses the lives of different animals, but he dwells especially on the mole, a stunted monstrosity, his words,
60
that dwells in damp, narrow corridors, rarely sees the light of day, and whose offspring look like gelatinous worms,
61
but which still does everything in its power to survive and perpetuate itself.
62
We're just like moles and just as pitiful.
63
We are driven frantically to push ourselves forward, we want to get good jobs to impress prospective partners, we wonder endlessly about finding the one
64
and are eventually briefly seduced by someone just long enough to produce a child
65
and then have to spend the next 40 years in misery with them to atone for our errors.
66
Schopenhauer was always beautifully and comically gloomy about human nature.
67
There is only one inborn error, he wrote, and that's the notion that we exist in order to be happy.
68
So long as we persist in this inborn error, the world will seem to us full of contradictions.
69
For at every step, in great things and small,
70
we are bound to experience that the world and life are certainly not arranged for the purpose of being happy.
71
That's why the faces of almost all elderly people are deeply edged with disappointment.
72
Schopenhauer offers two solutions to deal with the problems of existence.
73
The first solution is intended for rather rare individuals that he called sages.
74
Sages are able by heroic efforts to rise above the demands of the will to life.
75
They see the natural drives within themselves towards selfishness, sex and vanity and override them.
76
They overcome their desires, live alone, often away from big cities, never marry and can quell their appetites for fame and status.
77
In Buddhism Schopenhauer points out this person is known as a monk
78
but he recognizes that only a tiny number of us in any generation will ever go in for such a life.
79
The second and more easily available
80
and realistic therapy is to spend as long as we can with art
81
and philosophy whose task is to hold up a mirror to the frenzy efforts
82
and unhappy turmoil created in all of us by the will to life.
83
We may not be able to quell the will to life very often, but in the evenings at the theatre
84
or on a walk with a book of poetry we can step back from the day to day
85
and look at life without illusion.
86
The art Schopenhauer loved best is the opposite of sentimental, Greek tragedies, the aphorisms of La Rochefoucauld and the political theory of Machiavelli.
87
Such works speak frankly about egoism, suffering, selfishness and the horrors of married life and extend a tragic, dignified, melancholy sympathy to the human race.
88
It's fitting that Schopenhauer's own work fitted his description of what philosophy and art should do for us.
89
It too is deeply consoling in its morbid, bitter pessimism.
90
For example, he tells us, to marry means to do everything possible to become an object of disgust to each other.
91
Every life history is the history of suffering.
92
Life has no intrinsic worth, but is kept in motion merely by desire and illusion.
93
After spending a lot of time trying yet failing to be famous and trying yet failing to have good relationships,
94
towards the end of his life Schopenhauer did eventually find an audience who adored his writings.
95
He lived quietly in an apartment in Frankfurt with his dog, a white poodle whom he called Atman after the world soul of the Buddhists,
96
but whom the neighboring children less respectfully referred to as Mrs. Schopenhauer.
97
Shortly before his death a sculptor made a famous bust of him.
98
He died in 1860 at the age of 72 having achieved calm and serenity.
99
He is a sage for our own times,
100
someone whose bust should be no less widespread and no less revered than that of the Buddha he so loved.
101
Thank you.
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
Mesmo canal
C158
Why Unloved People Hate Themselves #shorts #selfcare
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
Why Love NEVER Lasts FOREVER
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C144
Why Socrates Hated Democracy
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
PLATO ON: The Allegory of the Cave
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Why We Go Cold On Our Partners
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
Why Parents Bully Their Children
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C132
The Secret to a Calm Life
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
PHILOSOPHY - Plato
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
Your Two Options in Love After a Bad Childhood
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B210
LITERATURE - Charles Darwin
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
How to Get Over Someone
British AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1621
The Point of Travel
British AccentTravel EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
POLITICAL THEORY - Karl Marx
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C116
When Love Isn't Easy
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
How To Get Over Rejection
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C18
How to Parent Yourself
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
PHILOSOPHY - The Stoics
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
Why We Should Refuse to Get Into Arguments
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C18
Who Am I?
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1112
What is Emotional Intelligence?
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Vídeo recomendado
C11
234 frases
Shiva - Let Go and Move On (Philosophy of Tantra)
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
128 frases
The Terrible Paradox of Self-Awareness | Fernando Pessoa
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
58 frases
How to find purpose and meaning (when we get a little lost).
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
14 frases
Dead Poets Society
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
198 frases
Hannah Arendt: The Banality of Evil Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
271 frases
Secret to a Stress-Free Mind (Lao Tzu + Psychology)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
17 frases
Nietzsche’s Philosophy Of Destroying Yourself
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C185
66 frases
What science can’t answer, according to physicist Jim Al-Khalili | Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
83 frases
3 Books That Will Change Your Life
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
259 frases
Talk Back: Why Arguing With Yourself Can Help You Flourish
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
593 frases
The Dark Psychology of Value: Force Others to Respect - Alain de Botton
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “PHILOSOPHY - Schopenhauer”. Este vídeo tem 101 frases e 1571 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 9:21. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 168 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 80% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| deeply advérbio | /ˈdi(ː)pli/ | profundamente |
| sage substantivo | /seɪd͡ʒ/ | sálvia, salva |
| argue verbo | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | discutir, argumentar |
| rarely advérbio | /ˈɹɛəɹli/ | raramente |
| marry verbo | /ˈmæɹi/ | casar |
| suitable adjetivo | [ˈsjuː.tə.bɫ̩] | apropriado, favorável |
| unhappy adjetivo | /ʌnˈhæpi/ | infeliz, triste |
| illusion substantivo | /ɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/ | truque de mágica |
| feminine adjetivo | /ˈfɛmɪnɪn/ | feminino |
| misery substantivo | /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹi/ | miséria |
| philosopher substantivo | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | filósofo, filósofa |
| masculine adjetivo | /ˈmæskjələn/ | macho |
| dwell verbo | /dwɛl/ | habitar, morar |
| persist verbo | /pɚˈsɪst/ | persistir |
| mirror substantivo | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | espelho |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| come up with verbo | pensar (em), alcançar |
| get on with verbo | andar logo com |
| point out verbo | apontar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | be remembered · be read · was gripped |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | force which makes · people who can · person who is |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has always been taught · we've been blindfolded |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 10 contrações e formas reduzidas, como we're, can't, we'd. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: worthy /ˈwɝ.ði/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, sympathy /ˈsɪm.pəθ.i/, thrust /θɹʌst/, thrum /θɹʌm/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: illusion /ɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, crush /kɹʌʃ/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/, beautifully /ˈbju.tɪ.fə.li/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: bust /bʌst/, persist /pɚˈsɪst/, romantic /ɹoʊˈmæn(t)ɪk/, extend /ɛkˈstɛnd/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: dwell /dwɛl/, moral /ˈmoɹəl/, ideal /aɪˈdi(ə)l/, devil /ˈdɛvəl/, console /ˈkɑn.soʊl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: unhappy /ʌnˈhæpi/, happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, horror /ˈhɒɹ.ə/, hence /ˈhɛns/, hurricane /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como deeply, sage, argue.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.