Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: How to Learn to Love Oneself More

Đang tạo bài học...
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Every day, especially in the era of social media, from the mental health perspective, probably the single worst invention of modern times,
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we are likely to face enemies.
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People who disagree with us, people who tell us we're bad, people who say we should be ashamed of ourselves or even be destroyed.
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The common sense advice from well-meaning friends is just not to listen, to shrug it off, to assert that no one cares,
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that the bully is mad or mentally unwell and to suggest a change of scene.
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It is very kind and sadly, usually, for many of us, entirely ineffective.
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The question then emerges – why is it that some people find it extremely hard to defend themselves,
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either in the sense of practically answering back to an enemy
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or simply of not caving in internally in the face of an attack?
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Why is it that when they are being bullied at work, some people are able to mount a polite,
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calm fight back while others melt into self-loathing and despair?
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Why is it that if they are criticised unfairly in a romantic context, some people are able to point out that the criticism is not right
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and get their side of the story across and feel steady and solid while others descend at once into paranoia.
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We might put it like this – in order to be able to defend oneself against an external foe, one has to be on one's own side.
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And this is not, for some of us, as easy as it may sound.
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Without us necessarily even quite realising the fact, entire personalities may be geared towards interpreting ourselves as bad,
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wrong, a mistake, shameful and a piece of shit.
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This may sound dramatic and we know in our intellectual adult selves that this can't be entirely right.
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Nevertheless, deep down this isn't only slightly right, it's the fundamental truth about us.
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A first step towards dealing with an external enemy is realising
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that our personalities are built up in such a way
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that we're going to have a big problem on our hands whenever we face opposition.
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We should expect to find this hard, and we do.
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We are – and there is no pejorative association around this whatsoever – a bit mentally unwell in this area.
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We therefore need to call for help, extend a lot of compassion to ourselves and devote all the critical care we're going to need to get through the crisis.
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We then need to take on board
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that unfortunately the real enemy we're harbouring is not
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so much currently outside of us – though they are there too – as inside of us.
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We need to ask ourselves why does the accusation feel so true?
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Our conscious minds give us access to only a fraction of the information about us.
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Just as we can't intuitively understand how a cell operates in our very own body,
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so the make-up of most of our emotional brain is sunk in darkness.
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However, there will be a history to our self-loathing.
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We hate ourselves because somewhere along the line, we were not properly loved.
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Somewhere in the past, we heard a story, you're a piece of shit, you don't deserve to be F off and the story has stuck.
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How could someone facing an accusation that they are an idiot
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but who inside has a voice saying that they're a moron ever get the strength to defend themselves?
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They know in the adult part of the mind
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that they should be fighting back but they can't because inside all they hear is, you are everything your enemy is saying you are and more.
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They identify entirely with their aggressor.
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This can get pretty dangerous pretty fast.
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If the external enemy is vicious enough and joins artfully enough with the internal enemy, there can be suicidal thoughts and perhaps suicide itself.
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The defenceless are the opposite of self-righteous.
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To their enemies, they are implicitly saying, I want to kill myself more than you ever want to kill me.
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The solution to all this is a large, naive word we'll have heard before but which we need to grasp in its life-saving dimension – love.
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We need to hear often enough and clearly enough from other human beings –
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and they don't need to be romantic partners – that contrary to what the internal enemy is saying, we are decent enough, not perfect,
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but that isn't the criterion for deserving to exist.
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We need to fix ourselves by absorbing – properly absorbing – the kindness of others.
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The The problem is that people who feel their pieces of shit aren't very good at letting others take care of them.
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They don't know how to ask for help, and when help is given, they may initially push it away, accusing a kind friend of being weird or inadequate.
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Why, after all, would they be seeking to help a freak?
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We know from the condition known as body dysmorphia
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that it's no use telling someone who feels they're disgusting that they're in fact, oh, very nice looking.
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We need to help them to understand how they grew to hate themselves so much and show them,
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via friendship, that there could be another way of relating to who they are.
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We have some hints about how our minds work from the way we acquire language.
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Children fluently pick up incredibly complex patterns of speech from listening to those around them in the early years.
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A parallel emotional process is going on.
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If someone when we were little was speaking hate and shame and guilt to us, we will have started to speak like that to ourselves.
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And it won't be easy in adulthood to learn a new language, let alone to come to speak it fluently to ourselves.
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Telling someone mired in self-hatred to cheer up
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or like themselves a bit more is going to be as impatient as telling someone from England to just speak Bulgarian.
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It's going to take time and a lot of training.
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Nevertheless, if we want to think about what an ambitious project for humanity would look like,
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it would be a giant program of learning to replace the internalised languages of hate
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and enmity with those of love and compassion.
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We've been trying to do this for a couple of millennia at least, but we've done a pretty poor job of it so far and the project is more urgent than ever.
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So we might start today by speaking a few stumbling phrases of love to the self-hating part of ourselves
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and then to someone we know near us who's perhaps right now mired in shame and inadequacy.

Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Video này có 70 câu và 1116 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 6:47. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 164 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. 86% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

15 từ ít gặp trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:

  • defend /dɪˈfɪnd/ (động từ) — bảo vệ, che chở. To ward off attacks against (something or someone).
  • nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/ (trạng từ) — tuy nhiên, tuy vậy. In spite of what preceded; yet.
  • compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/ (danh từ) — từ bi, đồng cảm. Deep awareness of the suffering of others that people have to the point of them being motivated to relieve such states.
  • bully /ˈbʊli/ (danh từ) — đầu gấu. A person who is intentionally physically or emotionally cruel to others, especially to those whom they perceive as being vulnerable or of less power or…
  • absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/ (động từ) — hút. To include so that it no longer has separate existence; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to incorporate; to assimilate; to take in…
  • accusation /ˌæk.jʊˈzeɪ.ʃ(ə)n/ (danh từ) — sự buộc tội. The act of accusing.
  • friendship /ˈfɹɛn(d)ʃɪp/ (danh từ) — tình bạn. The condition of being friends.
  • incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/ (trạng từ) — khó tin nổi. In an incredible manner; not to be believed.
  • extend /ɛkˈstɛnd/ (động từ) — kéo dài. To increase in extent.
  • humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/ (danh từ) — nhân loại, loài người. Humankind; human beings as a group.
  • darkness /ˈdɑɹk.nɪs/ (danh từ) — bóng tối. The state of being dark; lack of light; the absolute or comparative absence of light.
  • phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ (danh từ) — cụm từ, câu. A short written or spoken expression.
  • disgusting /dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ/ (tính từ) — tởm, gớm. Causing disgust; repulsive; distasteful.
  • sink /ˈsɪŋk/ (động từ) — chìm. To descend or submerge (or to cause to do so) into a liquid or similar substance.
  • cave /keɪv/ (danh từ) — hang, động. A large, naturally-occurring cavity formed underground or in the face of a cliff or a hillside.

Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe

  • go on /ˈɡoʊˌɒn/ (động từ) — tiếp tục. To continue in extent.
  • pick up (động từ) — nhặt, lượm. To lift; to grasp and raise.

Phát âm cần chú ý

Người nói dùng 21 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ we're, can't, don't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.

  • Âm “th”: nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/, loathe /ˈloʊð/
  • Âm “sh” và “zh”: compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, accusation /ˌæk.jʊˈzeɪ.ʃ(ə)n/, friendship /ˈfɹɛn(d)ʃɪp/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/
  • Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/, accusation /ˌæk.jʊˈzeɪ.ʃ(ə)n/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/

Cách luyện với video này

  1. Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
  2. Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
  3. Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như defend, nevertheless, compassion.

Ngữ pháp trong video

Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:

Cấu trúcTrong video
Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làmbe destroyed · being bullied · are criticised
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tạihas stuck · have heard · have started
Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vậtPeople who disagree · people who feel · someone who feels

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

Phương pháp shadowing: đọc hướng dẫn từng bước đầy đủ →