تدريب Shadowing: B1 T2 TEST1 PART2 - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
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section two you'll hear a talk about the waste collection in
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baltimore first you have some time to look at questions eleven to fifteen Now,
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listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 15.
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Hi folks, my name is Loretta Johnston and I am here from the Baltimore Department of Public Waste.
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Thank you for coming out to our community meeting tonight.
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I've got a few words to say about the waste collection here in Baltimore.
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First, there's the sorted collection bins themselves.
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They're made of sturdy, solid material, so none of your trash can seep out or puncture the bin.
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Also, since these things sit out on the curb overnight, rain or shine, they have to be waterproof.
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We can't have water getting up in it and filling up the bin.
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Remember to pay attention to which bin is which and sort your waste accordingly.
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You should have a blue or green bin for recyclable garbage, a yellow bin for unrecyclable garbage, and a red bin for toxic waste.
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our city -wide waste management is divided into two services the first is commercial waste collection
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or trash collection from buildings the majority of building waste is paper
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which goes in the blue
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or green bins you'll notice in your office buildings there are signs
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that warn you not to overfill these bins All that paper adds up,
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and an overflowing bin is infinitely harder for collectors to carry to the truck and empty Aside from paper, another large source of building waste is metals
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Metals such as tin and aluminium can be put in the yellow recycle bins
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But metals like lead
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and copper should be disposed of in the red bins These heavy metals are harmful to the environment
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and exacerbate our city's existing pollution problem That's about all the information you need for building waste.
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Moving on to the second service, household waste collection is probably what you primarily think of when you think of what we do here.
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Many of the same guidelines apply.
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The sorting is the same, etc. Please remember to keep garbage like kitchen waste in a plastic bag.
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It makes collection easier and lessens the abominable rotten trash smell.
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Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 16 to 20.
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Now listen and answer questions 16 to 20.
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So, after we take your trash away, what happens to it?
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We take all the garbage to one of a number of garbage disposal plants, each of which is located in the middle of an open space of some sort.
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No one wants to have their home or office right next door to a waste disposal plant, right?
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Waste is collected and then disposed of once every four weeks.
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A lot of trash can build up in that time, so we're in the process of developing a plan to fund collection more frequently.
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Ideally, it would be collected weekly, but we will likely have to settle for bi -weekly.
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The garbage trucks make their rounds to clear the bins at night in order to avoid traffic.
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I'm sure you've seen how much waste your own household produces in a given week.
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Now imagine all the trash produced by all the households in Baltimore.
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It's a lot, right?
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It may surprise you that this amount is only marginal compared to commercial waste.
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Yep, the main waste producers are actually businesses, industrial facilities, retail and offices.
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Hard to believe humans produce that much waste, right?
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No wonder we have pollution problems.
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Anyway, after all incoming waste is sorted, recyclables are sent to a recycling plant,
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while garbage and toxic waste are transported to their respective areas of the plant for treatment.
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Items such as stones, which should not be disposed of in our bins, are separated out and discarded.
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Once the trash has undergone the treatment process, it is compacted and disposed of with all the other trash.
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And finally, when the landfill space is full, it is buried deep underground and in time something new is built on the land.
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That's everything about waste collection.
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Thank you for listening.
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Are there any questions?
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That is the end of section two.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Now turn to Section 3.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 53 جملة و710 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 5:50. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 122 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 82% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| trash اسم | /tɹæʃ/ | زُبَالَة, نُفَايَات |
| bin اسم | /ˈbɪn/ | مَزْبَلَة |
| garbage اسم | /ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/ | زُبَالَة, نُفَايَات |
| collect فعل | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | جَمَعَ |
| toxic صفة | /ˈtɒk.sɪk/ | سَامّ |
| pollution اسم | /pəˈluʃən/ | تَلْوِيث, تَلَوُّث |
| carefully ظرف | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | بِعِنَايَة |
| compare فعل | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | قَارَنَ |
| producer اسم | /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ | مُنْتِج |
| copper اسم | /ˈkɒpə/ | نُحَاس, نحاس |
| overnight ظرف | /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/ | بَيْنَ لَيْلةٍ وَضُحاهَا |
| shine فعل | /ʃaɪn/ | لَمَعَ, وَمَضَ |
| divide فعل | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | قَسَّمَ |
| warn فعل | /woɹn/ | حَذَّرَ |
| harmful صفة | /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/ | ضَارّ, مُضِرّ |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | is divided · can be put · should be disposed |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | you've seen · has undergone |
| النصيحة بـ “should” should + فعل — قول ما يُستحسن فعله | should have · should be · should not be |
| المستقبل بـ “will” will + فعل — قرار أو وعد أو توقع | you'll hear · you'll notice · will likely |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 8 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل you'll, can't, I'm. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: trash /tɹæʃ/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/, shine /ʃaɪn/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, accordingly /əˈkɔɹ.dɪŋ.li/, ideally /aɪˈdi.ə.li/, aluminium /ˌæl.(j)uˈmɪn.i.əm/, infinitely /ˈɪnfɪnɪtli/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل trash, bin, garbage.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.