シャドーイング練習: Business Partner B1+ Unit 4.1.1 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
1
When business leaders develop strategies to tackle problems, they often have to take risks.
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Nobody can predict the future, but businesses do have to anticipate it and make judgments.
3
The Kraft Heinz Company, based in the U.S., is a major player in the food industry.
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Over 90 years, Kraft built up a portfolio of well-known food brands, including confectionery, biscuits, snacks, and dairy products.
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In the first decade of the 21st century, Kraft's performance was poor.
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Markets lacked confidence in the company's growth prospects.
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Its profits were disappointing.
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Kraft's products were less appealing to a new generation of consumers.
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It was seeing demand for the processed food and drinks
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that it manufactured from dairy all the way to Oreo biscuits decline and that the profit margin,
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the amount of money it was making for every unit of sales, had been squeezed almost to the thinness of a piece of paper.
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This was only the first of Kraft's problems.
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The second issue that Kraft had to tackle was that it relied too heavily on its home US market.
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That meant it was missing opportunities in fast-growing emerging markets around the world.
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The company's third problem was that its costs were too high.
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That meant it was not making enough profits on its sales.
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Crafts management came up with a bold plan to tackle these issues.
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It started with a takeover bid for the chocolate maker Cadbury.
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Cadbury had a 200-year history of making chocolate in the UK.
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Its products were well-established around the world, especially in emerging markets.
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There was clearly an attraction of having an even larger portfolio of internationally recognised brands
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that they could seek to take into different markets.
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So, inevitably, attracting a bigger international audience was part of Kraft's interest in Cadbury's.
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Kraft took a gamble that combining the operations of two established companies would be successful and solve another one of its problems.
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Kraft's primary interest in Cadbury was it enabled it to,
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because it became a bigger company, essentially cut costs.
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Where there was overlap between the two companies, it found a way of saving money and increasing therefore the profit margin
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that it was able to get from each one of its products.
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The second stage of the strategic solution was a merger.
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Kraft merged with another food giant, Heinz, and became the Kraft Heinz company.
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The merger created the world's fifth largest food company.
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As with the Cadbury deal, there was an opportunity to cut costs.
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There were other potential advantages, which helped to solve Kraft's problems.
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Heinz was considered more innovative in its development of new product lines that met changing consumer preference.
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The immediate results were positive.
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The Kraft Heinz company's share price rose 17% on news of the merger.
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The combined company has been successful in cutting costs.
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Looking at the Kraft story, it is clear the solutions involved considerable risks.
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Takeovers and mergers do not always work.
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Irene Rosenfeld was Kraft's chief executive.
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She was responsible for the company's strategy.
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I think there were a number of folks that we're questioning our acquisition of Cadbury.
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We said it was going to be important to us to expand our portfolio, to expand our footprint, particularly in developing markets, and it's played out that way.
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We are very much on track with the integration.
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It's enabled us to outperform our peers around the world.
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For Kraft Heinz, it seems that the risks paid off, but finding solutions to large corporate problems is not straightforward,
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and taking risks can lead to business failures as well as successes.
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Outro Music
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Business Partner B1+ Unit 4.1.1」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：Kraft, Heinz, Cadbury, product, merger。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が48文、単語が599語あります。 音声の長さは4:18です。 話す速さは1分あたり約139語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は79%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| merger 名詞 | /ˈmɜː.d͡ʒə/ | 合併, 統合 |
| portfolio 名詞 | /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/ | ポートフォリオ |
| biscuit 名詞 | /ˈbɪs.kɪt/ | ビスケット, クッキー |
| emerge 動詞 | /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/ | 現れる |
| dairy 名詞 | /ˈdɛə.ɹi/ | 乳製品 |
| combine 動詞 | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | 合わせる, 結び付ける |
| margin 名詞 | /ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒɪn/ | 余白 |
| confectionery 名詞 | /kənˈfɛkʃənəɹi/ | 菓子, お菓子 |
| footprint 名詞 | /ˈfʊtpɹɪnt/ | 足跡 |
| disappoint 動詞 | /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt/ | 失望させる |
| takeover 名詞 | 乗っ取り, 買収 | |
| anticipate 動詞 | /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ | 予想する |
| merge 動詞 | /mɝd͡ʒ/ | 合わせる, 合併する |
| gamble 動詞 | /ˈɡæm.bəl/ | 賭ける |
| straightforward 形容詞 | /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/ | 率直, まっすぐ |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| pay off 動詞 | 報われる |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | had been squeezed · was considered |
| 過去進行形 was/were + -ing — 過去のある時点で進行中だった動作 | was seeing · was making · was missing |
| 義務：must / have to / need to 何かが必要であることを伝える | have to take · have to anticipate · had to tackle |
注意したい発音
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: confectionery /kənˈfɛkʃənəɹi/, attraction /əˈtɹækʃn̩/, integration /ˌɪn.tɪˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/, confectionery /kənˈfɛkʃənəɹi/, anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, inevitably /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/, innovative /ˈɪn.əˌveɪtɪv/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: considerable /kənˈsɪdəɹəbl̩/, rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: overlap /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/, inevitably /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/, innovative /ˈɪn.əˌveɪtɪv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/, confectionery /kənˈfɛkʃənəɹi/, outperform /ˌaʊt.pɚˈfɔɹm/, footprint /ˈfʊtpɹɪnt/, straightforward /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。merger, portfolio, biscuitなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。