تدريب Shadowing: CET-6 Listening Practice: How Sleep Protects Memory - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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1
Good morning, everyone, and welcome to today's talk on sleep and memory.
صباح الخير جميعاً، وأهلاً بكم في حديث اليوم عن النوم والذاكرة.
2
Most of us assume that forgetting simply happens with the passage of time.
معظمنا يفترض أن النسيان يحدث ببساطة مع مرور الوقت.
3
The longer ago we learned something, the more of it fades away.
كلما زاد الوقت منذ أن تعلمنا شيئًا ما، تلاشى جزء أكبر منه.
4
But is time really the main cause of forgetting?
ولكن هل الوقت هو السبب الرئيسي للنسيان حقًا؟
5
More than a hundred years ago, two American psychologists decided to put this idea to the test.
قبل أكثر من مئة عام، قرر عالما نفس أمريكيان وضع هذه الفكرة موضع الاختبار.
6
In nineteen twenty-four, John Jenkins and Karl Dallenbach conducted a simple but clever experiment.
في عام ألف وتسعمائة وأربعة وعشرين، أجرى جون جنكينز وكارل دالنباخ تجربة بسيطة ولكنها ذكية.
7
They wanted to know whether sleep affects how quickly we forget new information.
كانوا يريدون معرفة ما إذا كان النوم يؤثر على سرعة نسياننا للمعلومات الجديدة.
8
Two university students took part, and they were asked to learn short lists of nonsense syllables.
شارك طالبان جامعيان، وطُلب منهما تعلم قوائم قصيرة من المقاطع اللفظية العشوائية التي لا معنى لها.
9
These were meaningless combinations of letters, so the students could not rely on what they already knew.
كانت هذه مجموعات من الحروف بلا معنى، لذلك لم يتمكن الطلاب من الاعتماد على ما كانوا يعرفونه بالفعل.
10
They were then tested after one, two, four or eight hours.
ثم خضعوا للاختبار بعد ساعة واحدة، أو ساعتين، أو أربع ساعات، أو ثماني ساعات.
11
Sometimes they spent that interval asleep, and sometimes they went about their normal daily activities.
في بعض الأحيان كانوا يقضون تلك الفترة نائمين، وفي أحيان أخرى كانوا يمارسون أنشطتهم اليومية المعتادة.
12
The results turned out to be remarkably clear!
تبينت النتائج واضحة بشكل لافت للنظر!
13
After eight hours of sleep, the students could still recall about half of the syllables.
بعد ثماني ساعات من النوم، كان الطلاب لا يزالون قادرين على تذكر حوالي نصف المقاطع الصوتية.
14
After eight hours awake, however, they remembered only around one syllable in ten!
ومع ذلك، بعد ثماني ساعات من اليقظة، تذكروا فقط حوالي مقطع صوتي واحد من كل عشرة!
15
In other words, staying awake led to far more forgetting than sleeping did.
بعبارة أخرى، أدّى البقاء مستيقظاً إلى نسيان أكبر بكثير مما يسببه النوم.
16
The researchers concluded that forgetting is not simply a matter of time passing.
خلص الباحثون إلى أن النسيان ليس مجرد مسألة مرور الوقت.
17
Instead, new experiences during the day seem to interfere with what we have just learned.
بدلاً من ذلك، يبدو أن التجارب الجديدة خلال النهار تتداخل مع ما تعلمناه للتو.
18
However, we should be careful not to draw strong conclusions from a single study.
ومع ذلك، يجب أن نتوخى الحذر لكي لا نستخلص استنتاجات قوية من دراسة واحدة.
19
Only two people took part, which is an extremely small sample.
شارك شخصان فقط، وهي عينة صغيرة للغاية.
20
Moreover, memorizing nonsense syllables in a laboratory is very different from studying real subjects.
علاوة على ذلك، فإن حفظ مقاطع لغوية لا معنى لها في المختبر يختلف تمامًا عن دراسة المواد الدراسية الحقيقية.
21
Fortunately, many later studies with far larger groups have produced similar results.
لحسن الحظ، توصلت العديد من الدراسات اللاحقة التي أجريت على مجموعات أكبر بكثير إلى نتائج مماثلة.
22
Many scientists now believe that the sleeping brain actively strengthens new memories.
يعتقد العديد من العلماء الآن أن الدماغ أثناء النوم يقوم بنشاط بتقوية الذكريات الجديدة.
23
This suggests that sleep is not wasted time, but an essential part of learning.
هذا يشير إلى أن النوم ليس وقتًا ضائعًا، بل هو جزء أساسي من عملية التعلم.
24
So if you want to retain what you study, review it and then sleep on it.
لذا إذا أردت أن تحتفظ بما تدرسه، فراجعه ثم خذ قسطاً من النوم بعد ذلك.
25
Staying up all night before an exam may well do more harm than good.
البقاء مستيقظاً طوال الليل قبل الامتحان قد يسبب ضرراً أكبر من الفائدة.
26
Next time you are tempted to give up sleep for extra study, remember these two students.
في المرة القادمة التي تشعر فيها بالرغبة في التخلي عن النوم من أجل الدراسة لفترة إضافية، تذكر هذين الطالبين.
27
Thank you for listening, and sleep well tonight.
شكرًا لاستماعكم، وناموا جيدًا الليلة.

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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

This C1 speaking lesson is built on the video “CET-6 Listening Practice: How Sleep Protects Memory”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: sleep, syllable, forgetting, students, eight. This video has 27 sentences and 358 words to shadow. The speech runs for 2:25. The speaker talks at a steady 148 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. 85% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.

Key vocabulary in this video

The 13 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:

WordPronunciationMeaning
syllable noun/ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/A unit of human speech which often forms words corresponding to one opening of the mouth; a vowel and its surrounding consonants.
memorize verb/ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/To fully learn so as to have entirely available to the memory; to learn by heart, commit to memory.
meaningless adjective/ˈmiː.nɪŋ.ləs/Lacking meaning.
remarkably adverb/ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/In a remarkable manner.
interval noun/ˈɪntɚvəl/A distance in space.
psychologist noun/ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/An expert in the field of psychology.
combinations noun/kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/A one-piece form of underwear, being a combination of a vest or chemise and underpants.
fade verb/feɪd/To hit the ball with the shot called a fade.
interfere verb/ˌɪn.tɚˈfɪɚ/To get involved or involve oneself, causing disturbance.
conclude verb/kənˈkluːd/To end; to come to an end.
researcher noun/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/One who researches.
fortunately adverb/ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt.li/In a fortunate manner.
strengthen verb/ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; to increase the strength of; to fortify.

Phrasal verbs you will hear

WordMeaning
give up verbTo surrender (someone or something); to inform on (someone).
stay up verbTo remain awake; to not go to bed.

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعلهwere asked · were then tested · is not wasted
المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآنhave just learned · have produced

Pronunciation to watch

  • Long words — get the stress right: remarkably /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/, fortunately /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt.li/

How to practise with this video

  1. Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
  2. Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
  3. Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like syllable, memorize, meaningless.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →