Prática de Shadowing: C1 T1 TEST1 PART1 - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Thousands of U .S troops in Iraq and Afghanistan sustained concussions and other brain injuries from roadside bombs.
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But a new study suggests these injuries are not leading to a brain condition often seen in former boxers and football players.
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NPR's John Hamilton reports.
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In contact sports, concussions increase the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE.
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It's a brain condition associated with dementia and a range of psychiatric disorders.
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So many doctors have worried that CTE might be a factor in the mental health problems experienced by U .S.
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combat troops exposed to bomb blasts.
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Dr. Daniel Pearl is a professor of pathology at the Uniformed Services University in Bethesda.
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Their families were saying that their personalities had changed.
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They were having trouble sleeping.
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We know that the suicide problem is substantial.
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PTSD is prevalent.
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CTE can only be diagnosed after death.
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So Pearl and a team decided to study a collection of brains donated by the families of deceased service members.
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We said this was the opportunity to look at those brains and see how much CTE played a role in this problem.
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The team looked at 225 brains, including many from military personnel who'd been exposed to bomb blasts.
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Pearl says CTE was rare.
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We could only find 10 cases that met the diagnostic criteria for CTE.
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and then we found that all 10 had played contact sports.
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The numbers are too small to say that contact sports caused the condition.
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But Pearl says the findings, which appear in the New England Journal of Medicine, do support another conclusion.
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Serving in the military and being exposed to blasts is probably not a significant risk factor for developing CTE.
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Pearl says that's a good thing, but he adds that bomb blasts do injure the brain in ways that can have lasting effects.
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One shouldn't go away thinking that because we didn't find CTE, the brain's normal.
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That's clearly not the case.
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Pearl says a growing body of evidence shows that exposure to bomb blasts can raise the risk of problems like PTSD.
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John Hamilton, NPR News.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 27 frases e 345 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 2:07. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 163 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 77% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| blast substantivo | /blæst/ | ventania |
| expose verbo | /ɪkˈspoʊz/ | expor, revelar |
| concussion substantivo | /kəŋkˈəʃɪn/ | concussão |
| exposure substantivo | /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ | exposição |
| conclusion substantivo | /kənˈkluːʒən/ | conclusão |
| associate substantivo | /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ | associado |
| substantial adjetivo | /səbˈstænʃəl/ | substancial |
| disorder substantivo | /dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/ | desordem |
| chronic adjetivo | /ˈkɹɑ.nɪk/ | crónico |
| donate verbo | /ˈdoʊˌneɪt/ | doar |
| deceased substantivo | /diˈsist/ | falecido, falecidos |
| sustain verbo | /səˈsteɪn/ | suster |
| psychiatric adjetivo | /ˌsaɪ.kiˈæt.ɹɪk/ | psiquiátrico |
| diagnostic adjetivo | /ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnɑ.stɪk/ | diagnóstico |
| traumatic adjetivo | /tɹɔˈmætɪk/ | traumático |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| go away verbo | sair, partir |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 3 contrações e formas reduzidas, como didn't, shouldn't, who'd. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, encephalopathy /ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒpəθi/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: concussion /kəŋkˈəʃɪn/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, substantial /səbˈstænʃəl/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, psychiatric /ˌsaɪ.kiˈæt.ɹɪk/, diagnostic /ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnɑ.stɪk/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, criterion /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como blast, expose, concussion.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.