Shadowing Practice: Learning to Speak ... Again - Learn English Speaking with Video
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58 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
It's well known that between the ages of approximately one and five, the offspring of Homo sapiens, slowly and at times lopsidedly,
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do something called learn to speak.
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They acquire some key words, lunch, cat, mummy, fart, assemble some basic grammar and are, by the time they're the size of a chair,
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well on the way to one of the key markers of human competence.
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Except for one thing, shortly after they learn to speak, children also learn, as it were, not to speak.
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At first, they aren't very good at not speaking, which is why, for a precious time, they're very funny indeed, as well as occasionally rather excruciating.
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They use their newfound linguistic skill to come out with utterances like, Granny smells under her legs, Jane looks a bit like a giraffe,
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and can you put a poo back in your bottom once it's come out?
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Then, sure enough, to the mixed relief of the adults around, children learn not to speak.
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They become careful custodians of their more charged insights.
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Out go the large questions, rude observations and naked confessions.
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By eight, they know how to say, I'm very well, thank you, how are you?
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By eleven, they might tell you, I don't mind that my parents are getting divorced, I get to go to Disneyland.
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And by seventeen, pretty much all of the wonder
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and pain of being alive has ceased to make it out of their lips.
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Something evidently goes astray, so much so that we might posit
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that becoming a true adult might rely on going in the opposite direction, on a process of remembering how to speak once again,
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in emotional rather than grammatical terms.
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We accede to genuine maturity
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when we can dare to once again take people into the phenomenal mystery and agony of being ourselves,
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with all the fear, joy, questions and doubts implied.
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It can take a while to realise just how much we've grown used to not saying.
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Silence on the key areas tends to become our second nature.
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It isn't just that we're deceiving others, we've lost the thread even within ourselves, omitting so much as to notice all the anger,
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terror or joy coursing through us at subterranean levels.
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Imagine therefore a somewhat bold experiment, in its way as challenging and rewarding as taking up a new sport or mastering a new recipe.
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Imagine if we attempted to undo three
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or five decades of experience to travel back to the raw state we knew in our original home.
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We would of course have to take some precautions
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but it's part of the incoherence of adult social life to picture ourselves unable to do so.
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We don't in reality face such a stark choice between honesty and ostracism.
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There are well-worn ways of being at once true and kind, honest and unfrightening.
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We can wrap our moments of candor in levity and good sense.
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Imagine if we said, for example, forgive me but as much as I want to be kind here there's something I might be a bit furious about, which is obviously crazy, but bear with me.
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Or, it's not that I don't like you, I'm scared that you're going to reject me, which probably explains why I've been behaving like a bit of a weirdo these past days.
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Or, I'm not just gazing out of the window, I'm actually worrying that you're going to find me bad in bed later.
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Or, I'm not really grumpy, I'm actually going out of my mind with anxiety.
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We've picked up the message that such truths are extremely dangerous to share.
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no one could get a view of our actual levels of pain, worry, desire and still be on our side.
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But that's to forget a bedrock fact that we're all beneath a layer of social subterfuge, longing for reassurance that there are echoes of our intimate,
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bewildering experiences in the minds of others.
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We're all mad, sick with worry, entirely lost and desperately anxious about our appearance, achievements and likability.
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We become more charming when we speak up because
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so much of what makes us unpleasant is related in the end to our unwitting deceitfulness.
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Not only don't we want to have lunch, we see no option but to pretend that we would like to.
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Not only do we leave relationships, we can't bear to own up to our wish to do so and therefore come across as sentimental and confusing.
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How much better if we have the confidence that we, like small children except more so because we have greater self-control and tact,
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are at our most beguiling when we can stick as close as possible to how things actually are.
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When we can say, this is lovely but I don't want to take it any further, I'm so sorry.
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Or I'm really furious, there's a part of me that wants to scream and sob on the floor.
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Or I make no assumptions at all but I really do find you attractive, I hope it's okay to tell you.
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Or I'm so worried that I failed in your eyes, I do apologise.
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We'll learn to properly live when we stop being so morbidly embarrassed of our reality.
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No one asked us to be alive, no one asks us to suffer as we do, we're not responsible for how peculiar it is to be ourselves.
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What is in our power is to be unfrightened by the contents of our minds
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and to use our artfulness and intelligence to share as much of it as possible with those we come across.
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We will, in the process, reassure them of their normality, deepen our friendships and feel less peculiar about our natures,
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we'll get a little closer to experiencing life as it actually is.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “Learning to Speak ... Again”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: speak, learn, ourselves. בסרטון הזה יש 58 משפטים ו-967 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 5:17. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-183 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. 82% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| deceive פועל | /dɪˈsiːv/ | רִמָּה, הוֹנָה |
| giraffe שם עצם | /d͡ʒəˈɹæf/ | גִ׳ירָף, זֶמֶר |
| grammatical שם תואר | /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/ | דִקְדוּקִי |
| normality שם עצם | /nɔɹˈmæl.ə.ti/ | נורמליות |
| subterranean שם תואר | /ˌsʌbtəˈɹeɪniən/ | תַּת קַרְקָעִי |
| mummy שם עצם | /ˈmʌm.i/ | מוּמְיָה |
| competence שם עצם | /ˈkɑm.pə.təns/ | יכולת, סמכות |
| agony שם עצם | /ˈæɡ.ə.ni/ | יִסּוּרִים |
| assemble פועל | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | אסף |
| confuse פועל | /kənˈfjuːz/ | בלבל |
| gaze פועל | /ɡeɪz/ | שָׁזַף עַיִן, הִבִּיט |
| tactic שם עצם | /ˈtæktɪk/ | טַקטִיקָה |
| linguistic שם תואר | /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/ | לְשׁוֹנִי |
| maturity שם עצם | /məˈtjʊəɹɪti/ | בַּגְרוּת |
| confession שם עצם | /kənˈfɛʃən/ | וידוי, וִדּוּי |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| come out פועל | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | יָצָא |
| pick up פועל | הרים, אסף |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | has ceased · we've grown · we've lost |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | speaking, which is · about, which is |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-31 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו I'm, don't, we're. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: excruciating /ɪkˈskɹuʃi.eɪtɪŋ/, precaution /pɹiːˈkɔ.ʃən/, reassure /ˌɹi.əˈʃʊɹ/, subterfuge /ˈsʌbtəɹˌfjuː(d)ʒ/, confession /kənˈfɛʃən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: deceitfulness /dɪˈsiːtfəlnəs/, excruciating /ɪkˈskɹuʃi.eɪtɪŋ/, grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, incoherence /ˌɪnkəʊˈhɪəɹəns/, normality /nɔɹˈmæl.ə.ti/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: bewilder /bɪˈwɪldɚ/, linguistic /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: candor /ˈkæn.də(ɹ)/, giraffe /d͡ʒəˈɹæf/, grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, normality /nɔɹˈmæl.ə.ti/, agony /ˈæɡ.ə.ni/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: furious /ˈfjʊəɹi.əs/, astray /əˈstɹeɪ/, bedrock /ˈbɛdˌɹɑk/, candor /ˈkæn.də(ɹ)/, excruciating /ɪkˈskɹuʃi.eɪtɪŋ/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו deceive, giraffe, grammatical.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.