Практика Shadowing: Overpopulation – The Human Explosion Explained - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
1
Never before in history have there been so many people on Earth as right now.
2
Our numbers have skyrocketed from 1 billion in 1800 to 2.3 billion in 1940,
3
3.7 billion in 1970 and 7.4 billion in 2016.
4
The world population increased fourfold in the last century, so what can we expect for the next century?
5
And what does population growth mean for our future?
6
Will there be mass migration, overcrowded slums in megacities covering continents, diseases and pollution, chaos and violence over energy,
7
water and food, and a human species focused only on sustaining itself?
8
Will population growth destroy our way of life, or is this prophecy just ungrounded panic?
9
In the 1960s, population growth reached an unprecedented rate, which led to apocalyptic prophecies.
10
The poor would procreate endlessly and overrun the developed world.
11
The legend of overpopulation was born.
12
But it turns out high birth rates and the population explosion are not permanent features of some cultures or countries,
13
but rather part of a four-step process the whole world is going through.
14
The demographic transition.
15
Most developed countries have already made the transition, while other countries are doing it right now.
16
Let's go back to the 18th century, when the entire world, including Europe, was in the first stage of the demographic transition.
17
By today's standards, Europe was worse off than a developing region, suffering from poor sanitation, poor diets and poor medicine.
18
A lot of people were born, but lots of them died just as fast, so the population hardly grew.
19
Women had between four and six children, but only two of them would reach adulthood.
20
Then the Industrial Revolution happened in the UK and brought the greatest change in human living conditions since the Agricultural Revolution.
21
People went from being peasants to workers.
22
Manufactured goods were mass-produced and became widely available.
23
The sciences flourished and advanced transportation, communication and medicine.
24
The role of women in society shifted and created the conditions for their emancipation.
25
Slowly, this economic progress not only formed a middle class, but also raised standards of living and healthcare for the poor working population.
26
The second transition stage started.
27
Better food supplies, hygiene and medicine meant people stopped dying all the time, especially so at a very young age.
28
The result was a population explosion, doubling the UK's population between 1750 and 1850.
29
The main reason families used to have lots of children was that only a few of them were likely to survive.
30
Now that had changed, so the third stage of the transition was set in motion, fewer babies were conceived and population growth slowed down.
31
Eventually, a balance emerged.
32
Fewer people were dying and fewer children were born, so the death rate and birth rate became stable.
33
Britain had reached the fourth stage of the demographic transition.
34
This didn't only happen in the UK.
35
More and more countries went through the four stages.
36
First, many births and many deaths due to bad living conditions.
37
Second, better living conditions leading to fewer deaths and a population explosion.
38
Third, fewer deaths resulting in fewer births, and population growth came to an end.
39
But if birth rates have dropped so much, why is the population still growing so fast?
40
Well, the children born in the population explosion of the 70s and 80s are having kids themselves now, leading to a noticeable spike in overall population.
41
But they are having far fewer children on average than their parents.
42
The average today is 2.5.
43
It was 5 40 years ago.
44
So as this generation gets older and fertility declines further, the rate of population growth will keep on slowing.
45
This is true for every country.
46
In the West, we tend to overlook progress in other regions of the world.
47
But actually, most of the world's countries have made it to the fourth stage.
48
Just look at Bangladesh.
49
In 1971, the average woman had seven kids, but 25% of them would die before the age of five.
50
In 2015, the mortality rate was down to 3.8% and women had only 2.2 kids on average.
51
This is the rule, not an exception.
52
We're not special, we just had a head start.
53
It took developed countries about 80 years to reduce fertility from more than 6 children to less than 3.
54
Others are catching up fast.
55
Malaysia and South Africa did it in only 34 years.
56
Bangladesh took just 20.
57
Iran managed it in 10 years.
58
All these countries that are catching up didn't have to start from scratch, and the more support they get, the faster they catch up.
59
This is why programs that help lower child mortality or help poor nations develop are so important.
60
No matter what your motivation is, whether you dream of a world where more people live in freedom and wealth, or you just want fewer refugees coming to your country,
61
the simple truth is that it's beneficial to you personally
62
if people on the other side of the globe can live a good life.
63
And we are getting there.
64
The percentage of people living in extreme poverty has never been as low as today.
65
So the future of global population growth is actually not an apocalyptic prophecy at all.
66
It's a promise.
67
Population growth will come to an end.
68
The UN forecasts that the 12th billionth human will never be born at all.
69
And, as the development level of the world rises, the number of people with a higher education will increase tenfold.
70
Countries who used to be in need will help advance development instead.
71
More people is going to mean more people able to advance our species.
72
This video was a collaboration with Max Rosa and Our World in Data, where he explores the progress of humanity through research and data visualization.
73
Make sure to check it out.
74
In 2016 we were able to make more and better content than ever before because of your support on Patreon.com.
75
Thank you so much, and we'll be back in the year 12,017.
📺 Тот же канал
C1105
Can Earth Run Out of Water?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1536
What If You Never Slept?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
Your Skeleton Is Electric
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C171
Could Humans Evolve Flight?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
Would You Upload Your Mind?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C164
What the Flu Does to Your Body
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
Your Brain on Magic Mushrooms
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C17
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Terrible! 2/3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
We Finally Know More About Humanity’s First Civilization
Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity Students
C13
What Is Life? Is Death Real?
University StudentsWorking Adults
C1148
How Antidepressants Work
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
Is War Over? — A Paradox Explained
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1757
How Stress Changes Your Brain
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
How ADHD Medication Works
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
The Most Complex Language in the World
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
Your Brain Peaked at Birth
University StudentsWorking Adults
C170
We Won’t Explore the Galaxy...
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25
Let’s Steal a New Moon
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
What Happens AFTER Nuclear War?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Awesome! 3/3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
✨ Рекомендуемое видео
B22
622 предложений
Do we need more kids? A research showdown.
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B24
13 предложений
Stalin's 5 Year Plan & Holodomor: Progress Built On Mass Starvation
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2291 предложений
Why did white men conquer the world?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B24
112 предложений
Contemporary Topics 2 Unit 9 PUBLIC HEALTH Global epidemic
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
B23
12 предложений
Bill Gates - Population - Vaccines
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
101 предложений
The Most Extreme Explosion in the Universe
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B27
33 предложений
Why Do India And China Have So Many People?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B24
169 предложений
Did Ancient Humans Really Live Longer Than Modern Humans?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
216 предложений
Why Britain Can't Fix Immigration
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2217
43 предложений
How mass tourism is destroying cities
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B23
46 предложений
The Story of Plastic (Animated Short)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
В этом видео 75 предложений и 977 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 6:36. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 148 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. 87% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика простая.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| fewer | /ˈfjuː.ɚ/ | ме́ньше |
| transition существительное | /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/ | перехо́д, превраще́ние |
| explosion существительное | /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ | взрыв |
| demographic прилагательное | /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/ | демографи́ческий |
| prophecy существительное | /ˈpɹɑfɪsi/ | проро́чество, предсказа́ние |
| mortality существительное | /mɔɹˈtælɪti/ | сме́ртность |
| fertility существительное | /fɝˈtɪləti/ | плодоро́дие, плодови́тость |
| percentage существительное | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | проце́нт, проце́нтное отноше́ние |
| stable существительное | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | коню́шня, хлев |
| poverty существительное | /ˈpɑːvɚti/ | бе́дность, нищета́ |
| suffer глагол | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | страда́ть, му́чаться |
| legend существительное | /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənd/ | леге́нда, пове́рье |
| worker существительное | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | рабо́тник, рабо́тница |
| decline глагол | /dɪˈklaɪn/ | спада́ть |
| exception существительное | /əkˈsɛpʃən/ | исключе́ние, изъя́тие |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| slow down глагол | замедля́ть, заме́длить |
| turn out глагол | ока́зываться, оказа́ться |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 4 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например didn't, we'll, we're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/, explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/, exception /əkˈsɛpʃən/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: demographic /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/, mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, fertility /fɝˈtɪləti/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как fewer, transition, explosion.
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| «Used to» used to + глагол — прошлая привычка или состояние, которых больше нет | used to have · used to be |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | have skyrocketed · have already made · have dropped |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | was born · were born · was set |
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.