쉐도잉 연습: Cambridge 11 Test 3 Section 4 Listening - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Section 4

You will hear part of a lecture to business students about the use of one particular type of research known as ethnography.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

questions 31 to 40.

So, what I'm going to talk about to you today is something called ethnography.

This is a type of research aimed at exploring the way human cultures work.

It was first developed for use in anthropology, and it's also been used in sociology and communication studies.

So, what's it got to do with business, you may ask?

Well, businesses are finding that ethnography can offer them deeper insight into the possible needs of customers,

either present or future, as well as providing valuable information about their attitudes towards existing products.

And ethnography can also help companies to design new products or services that customers really want.

Let's look at some examples of how ethnographic research works in business.

One team of researchers did a project for a company manufacturing kitchen equipment.

They watched how cooks used measuring cups to measure out things like sugar and flour.

They saw that the cooks had to check and recheck the contents

because although the measuring cups had numbers inside them the cooks couldn't see these easily

so a new design of cup was developed to overcome this problem

and it was a top seller another team of ethnographic researchers

looked at how cell phones were used in uganda in africa they found

that people who didn't have their own phones could pay to use the phones of local entrepreneurs

because these customers paid in advance for their calls, they were eager to know how much time they'd spent on the call so far.

So, the phone company designed phones for use globally with this added feature.

Ethnographic research has also been carried out in computer companies.

In one company, IT systems administrators were observed for several weeks.

It was found that a large amount of their work involved communicating with colleagues in order to solve problems,

but that they didn't have a standard way of exchanging information from spreadsheets and so on.

So, the team came up with an idea for software that would help them to do this.

In another piece of research, a team observed and talked to nurses working in hospitals.

This led to the recognition that the nurses needed to access the computer records of their patients no matter where they were.

This led to the development of a portable computer tablet that allowed the nurses to check records in locations throughout the hospital.

Occasionally, research can be done even in environments where the researchers can't be present.

For example, in one project done for an airline, respondents used their smartphones to record information during airline trips,

in a study aiming at tracking the emotions of passengers during a flight.

So what makes studies like these different from ordinary research?

Let's look at some of the general principles behind ethnographic research in business.

First of all, the researcher has to be completely open -minded.

He or she hasn't thought up a hypothesis to be tested, as is the case in other types of research.

Instead, they wait for the participants in the research to inform them.

As far as choosing the participants themselves is concerned, that's not really all that different from ordinary research.

The criteria according to which the participants are chosen may be something as simple as the age bracket they fall into,

or the researchers may select them according to their income,

or they might try to find a set of people who all use a particular product, for example.

But it's absolutely crucial to recruit the right people as participants.

As well as the criteria I've mentioned, they have to be comfortable talking about themselves and being watched as they go about their activities.

Actually, most researchers say that people open up pretty easily, maybe because they're often in their own home or workplace.

So, what makes this type of research special is that it's not just a matter of sending a questionnaire to the participants.

Instead, the research is usually based on first -hand observation of what they are doing at the time.

But that doesn't mean that the researcher never talks to the participants.

However, unlike in traditional research,

in this case, it's the participant rather than the researchers who decides what direction the interview will follow.

This means that there's less likelihood of the researcher imposing his or her own ideas on the participant.

But after they've said goodbye to their participants and got back to their office, the researcher's work isn't finished.

Most researchers estimate that 70 to 80 % of their time is spent not on the collecting of data, but on its analysis, looking at photos,

listening to recordings and transcribing them, and so on.

The researchers may end up with hundreds of pages of notes, and to determine what's significant,

they don't focus on the sensational things or the unusual things.

Instead, they try to identify a pattern of some sort in all this data and to discern the meaning behind it.

This can result in some compelling insights that can, in turn, feed back to the whole design process.

That is the end of Section 4.

You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Thank you.

And wait for your question booklet to be collected.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Cambridge 11 Test 3 Section 4 Listening”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: researcher, participant, ethnographic, ethnography, type. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 64개와 단어 905개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 8:29입니다. 화자는 분당 약 107단어로 천천히 말해서 소리 하나하나를 따라 하기에 여유가 있습니다. 단어의 84%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
researcher 명사	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	연구원, 연구자
participant 명사	/pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/	참가자
nurse 명사	/nɝs/	간호원, 간호사
ordinary 형용사	/ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/	정규의, 보통의
collect 동사	/ˈkɑlɪkt/	수집하다
observe 동사	/əbˈzɜːv/	관찰하다
airline 명사	/ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/	항공 회사, 항공사
recognition 명사	/ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/	인식
select 동사	/sɪˈlɛkt/	고르다
solve 동사	/sɒlv/	해결하다
occasionally 부사	/əˈkeɪʒənəli/	가끔
passenger 명사	/ˈpæs.ɪn.d͡ʒɚ/	승객, 여객
principle 명사	/ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/	원리, 원칙
explore 동사	/ɪkˈsploɹ/	탐험하다
goodbye	/ɡʊdˈbaɪ/	안녕히 가십시오, 안녕히 계십시오

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	been used · was developed · were used
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	it's also been · has also been carried · hasn't thought
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	people who didn · people who all

주의할 발음

화자는 didn't, can't, couldn't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 13번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/, ethnography /ɛθˈnɑɡɹəfi/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: inform /ɪnˈfɔɹm/, smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/, flour /ˈflaʊ.ə/, ethnography /ɛθˈnɑɡɹəfi/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: observe /əbˈzɜːv/, solve /sɒlv/, overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: observe /əbˈzɜːv/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, discern /dɪˈzɝn/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, researcher, participant, nurse 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →

쉐도잉 연습: Cambridge 11 Test 3 Section 4 Listening - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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